comments:
Enkur1 posted on r/cosmology2d
Thats a pretty awesome goal but it also depends how deep you want to get into it. I also depends if you want to go into the mathematical nitty gritty then you need at least a college Calculus level understanding of math. I mean people have done entire PHD on each of those topics. Any good introductory astronomy book will cover most of what you have outlined. This is a good textbook to get more understanding of all the topic at a first year college level (I think its mostly algebra based)https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Robert-Geller/dp/1319039448 If your idea is math heavy deep dive then you will need some advanced text books for each of those topics.