5.1 USB Audio Sound Card with SPDIF, External USB Sound Card Adapter for PC Laptop Audio, Support 48/44 KHz Sampling Rate, Black

Buy an external sound card: https://www.amazon.com/Mugast-External-Adapter-Support-Sampling/dp/B07QBZVNPW/ref=sxin_23_pa_sp_phone_search_thematic_sspa 3.5 to USB adapters don't work in a way you described. Every USB connection should have a host -- computer, playstation or smartphone. Headset is not a host. I have no experience with them, but internally they are external soundcards actually with unidirectional (DAC or ADC) or full bidirectional conversion. Such a device with an input could be sufficient for your needs in my proposal for connecting the output from the monitor to the laptop, just the input most hopefully will be for microphone, hence, too sensitive and mono.