IMO, Digital design is more about taking an algorithm and mapping it into H/W that’s time (clock frequency) and space efficient. Sometimes, there isn’t even an algorithm involved and it’s all about shoving bits around at high rates. Often times the compute we implement are modeled in MATLAB, Python, or C first. That math is domain specific. Lots of resources exist for that stuff already. Since we take those models and map them to hardware, we usually draw on a toolbox of structures. There’s also some “algorithms” for timing synchronous circuits, sizing gates, etc. I wouldn’t say they’re as cut and dried as CompSci fundamentals are. If anything, digital design is a lot about data structures. Here’s a book I enjoy pulling out once in a while: https://www.amazon.com/CMOS-VLSI-Design-Circuits-Perspective/dp/0321547748
